Impact or Effect of Inflation ।।

➨ Inflation affects the pattern of production, a shift in production pattern takes place from consumer goods to luxury goods.➨ On Investment: Inflation discourages entrepreneurs in investing as the risk involved in the future production would be very high with less hope for returns.Uncertainty about the future purchasing power of money discourages investment and savings.➨ Inflation also results in black marketing. Sellers may stock up the goods to...

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Investment Banking

Investment banking is a special segment of banking operation that helps individuals or organisations raise capital and provide financial consultancy services to them.They act as intermediaries between security issuers and investors and help new firms to go public. They either buy all the available shares at a price estimated by their experts and resell them to public or sell shares on behalf of the issuer and take commission on each share.Description:...

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Types Of Money Market Instruments

▶️Treasury Bills (T-Bills)Issued by the Central Government, Treasury Bills are known to be one of the safest money market instruments available. However, treasury bills carry zero risk. I.e. are zero risk instruments. Therefore, the returns one gets on them are not attractive. Treasury bills come with different maturity periods like 3-month, 6-month and 1 year and are circulated by primary and secondary markets. Treasury bills are issued by the Central...

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Recusal of Judges

What is the recusal of judges?● Recusal is the removal of oneself as a judge or policymaker in a particular matter. Recently, two Supreme Court (SC) judges have recused themselves from hearing cases relating to West Bengal.Why does a judge recuse?The judges usually recuse themselves when there is a Conflict of Interest:● Conflict of Interest: It can occur in many ways, such as, holding shares in a company that is a litigant to having a prior or personal...

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Monetary Policy Tools

To control inflation, the Reserve Bank of India needs to increase the cost of fund or reduce the supply of money with the help of tools which are divided mainly into two categories – Quantitative and Qualitative tools.Quantitative tools : These tools impact the money supply in the economy, including sectors such as manufacturing, housing, etc.Reverse Ratio : Banks keep aside a certain percentage of cash reserves or RBI approved assets. There are...

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Forward Markets Commission (FMC)

‘Forward’ or ‘Futures’ are contracts for commodities that are traded at futures exchange similar to shares, but here, actual physical goods are traded. Futures/forwards contracts are traded on foreign currencies and interest rates also. The commodities that are traded in future contracts are corn, crude oil, silver, gold, etc. There are certain benefits of these futures trading :➨ The Forwards Market Commission is a statutory entity which is involved...

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NPA - Non Performing Assets

Definition: A non performing asset (NPA) is a loan or advance for which the principal or interest payment remained overdue for a period of 90 days.Description: Banks are required to classify NPAs further into Substandard, Doubtful and Loss assets.1. Substandard assets: Assets which has remained NPA for a period less than or equal to 12 months.2. Doubtful assets: An asset would be classified as doubtful if it has remained in the substandard category...

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EMI or equated monthly installment♦️

EMI or equated monthly installment, as the name suggests, is one part of the equally divided monthly outgoes to clear off an outstanding loan within a stipulated time frame.Description: The EMI is dependent on multiple factors, such as:1) Principal borrowed2) Rate of interest3) Tenure of the loan4) Monthly/annual resting periodFor a fixed interest rate loan, the EMI remains fixed for the entire tenure of the loan, provided there is no default or...

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CASA - Current Account and Savings Account

CASA deposit is the amount of money that gets deposited in the current and savings accounts of bank customers. It is the cheapest and major source of funds for banks. The savings accounts portion pays more interest compared to current accounts.Banks offer mainly two types of accounts. These could be term deposits- like fixed or recurring deposits or non-term deposits - like current or savings accounts.A term deposit is valid for a fixed period of...

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TYPES OF ATM ( Automated Teller Machine )

🖨 White Label ATMs (WLAs): ATMs set up, owned and operated by non-banks (i.e NBFCs) are WLAs. Non-bank ATM operators are authorised under the Payment & Settlement Systems Act, 2007 by RBI.🖨 Green Label ATMs – ATMs for agricultural transactions.🖨 Orange label ATMs – ATMs used for share transactions.🖨 Pink Label ATMs – ATMs that are meant only for women (ease their banking).🖨 Yellow Label ATMs – ATMs meant for E-commerce facility.🖨 Brown...

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Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana 2015 - Fund the Unfunded

Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) is a flagship program of Government of India to “fund the unfunded” basically through this scheme financial institutions like Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs), Non-Banking financial Companies (NBFCs), Small Finance Banks, RBRs, Commercial Banks, Cooperative Banks etc. will provide loans at very low rate to the new Ideas or Startups and people having a business plan in a Non-Farming Sector with Income generating...

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Functions of Financial Market

👉🏻 Mobilization of saving and channelising them into the Most Productive Uses: A financial market facilitates the transfer of savings from savers to investors. Thus, it helps in Channelising surplus funds into the most productive uses.👉🏻 Facilitating price discovery: Households represent the supply of funds and the business firms represent the demand. The interaction between the demand and supply helps in the price discovery of financial asset,...

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UN (United Nations) Ocean Conference 2022

• The second conference was cohosted by Kenya and Portugal at Lisbon. • It ended with the Lisbon Declaration, a political declaration entitled 'Our Ocean, Our Future; call for action'• It is on lines of SDG 14 'life below water' ● Key PointsUse of Technology • It stresses to scale up marine technologies and innovative actions to tackle ocean emergencies.Moratorium on Deep Sea Mining:• Deep sea mining for rare metals can affect deep...

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Exchange Earner’s Foreign Currency (EEFC) Account

 Exchange Earners’ Foreign Currency Account (EEFC) is an account maintained in foreign currency with an Authorised Dealer Category – I bank i.e. a bank authorized to deal in foreign exchange. It is a facility provided to the foreign exchange earners, including exporters, to credit 100 per cent of their foreign exchange earnings to the account, so that the account holders do not have to convert foreign exchange into Rupees and vice versa, thereby...

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Difference Between MCLR And Base Rate

MCLR▪️MCLR or marginal cost of funds based lending rate has been introduced so that end borrowers can enjoy the benefits associated with repo rate cuts by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). This has been implemented to make banking system even more transparent.▪️MCLR depends on factors like CRR (Cash Reserve Ratio), marginal cost of funds, tenor premium, and operating cost.▪️It is dependent on the repo rate changes made by the RBI.▪️Marginal cost of...

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WPI

🌳The wholesale price index is an index that measures and tracks the changes in the price of goods in the stages before the retail level.🌳WPI is used as a measure of inflation in some economies.🌳WPI includes three components viz,Manufactured products - 64.2%Primary articles - 22.6%Fuel and power - 13.1%Instead of the earlier 2004-05, base year for the WPI will be 2011-12.The  number of items covered in the new series of the WPI has...

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Leaders in Climate Change Management

चर्चा में क्योंहाल ही में, विश्व पर्यावरण दिवस के अवसर पर आवास एवं शहरी कार्य मंत्रालय द्वारा भारत में जलवायु कार्रवाई में अग्रणी भूमिका निभाने के लिये शहरी पेशेवरों के बीच क्षमता निर्माण करने के उद्देश्य से लीडर्स इन क्लाइमेट चेंज मैनेजमेंट प्रोग्राम (LCCM) का शुभारंभ किया है।प्रमुख बिंदु राष्ट्रीय शहरी कार्य संस्थान एवं विश्व संसाधन...

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world Economic Forum

विश्व आर्थिक मंच (डब्ल्यूईडी) ने अपनी रिपोर्ट "फोस्टरिंग इफेक्टिव एनर्जी ट्रांजिशन 2022" में कहा है कि ऊर्जा संक्रमण की गति को सुपरचार्ज करने की जरूरत है, जैसा कि ईंधन की कीमतों में हालिया स्पाइक और ऊर्जा सुरक्षा के लिए चुनौतियों से प्रदर्शित होता है। जाँच - परिणाम * रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, देशों के लिए एक समग्र ऊर्जा संक्रमण में तेजी...

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अनंगताल : -

• हाल ही में , केंद्रीय संस्कृति मंत्रालय ने दिल्ली विकास प्राधिकरण से दक्षिणी दिल्ली में अवस्थित अनंगताल के जीर्णोद्धार करने का निर्देश दिया है । विदित है कि 1200 वर्ष पुरानी यह ऐतिहासिक झील सीवेज नालियों एवं अन्य अतिक्रमण के कारण लुप्तप्राय हो चुकी है । • इसे दिल्ली के संस्थापक तोमर शासक अनंग पाल द्वितीय ने 1052 में महरौली क्षेत्र...

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Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR)♦️

Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is the ratio of a bank’s capital in relation to its risk-weighted assets and current liabilities. It is decided by central banks and bank regulators to prevent commercial banks from taking excess leverage and becoming insolvent in the process.In other words, it measures how much capital does a bank has with it as a percentage of its total credit exposure. Bank regulators enforce this ratio to ensure credit discipline...

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CASH MANAGEMENT BILLS

✅ The cash management bill (CMB) is the most flexible instrument for a Central Bank because it can be issued when needed, allowing the Central Bank to have lower cash balances and issue fewer long-term notes. CMBs tend to pay higher yields than bills with fixed maturities, but their shorter maturities lead to lower overall interest expense.The Government of India, in consultation with the RBI, had decided to issue a new short-term instrument, known...

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Objectives behind Bank Nationalisation in India

🔰 The nationalisation of commercial banks took place with an aim to achieve following major objectives.🔹Social Welfare : It was the need of the hour to direct the funds for the needy and required sectors of the indian economy. Sector such as agriculture, small and village industries were in need of funds for their expansion and further economic development.🔹Controlling Private Monopolies : Prior to nationalisation many banks were controlled by...

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Open and Transparent Monetary Policy Making ♻️

♻️ Under the amended RBI Act, the monetary policy making is as under:➖The MPC is required to meet at least four times in a year.➖The quorum for the meeting of the MPC is four members.➖Each member of the MPC has one vote, and in the event of an equality of votes, the Governor has a second or casting vote.➖The resolution adopted by the MPC is published after conclusion of every meeting of the MPC in accordance with the provisions of Chapter III F of...

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Dormant / Inactive Bank Account 📚

📚 If you SB or current account hasn’t witnessed any transactions(credit/debit except interest credited the bank, deduction of service charges, for more than 1 year, the account is rendered inactive. On exceeding 2 years, the account is declared dormant/inoperative.Any customer induced transaction is enough for this purpose. Like credit or debit transactions done by the account holder in this account, keeps it active. Some of them have been listed...

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Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana 2015 - Fund the Unfunded

☑️ Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) is a flagship program of Government of India to “fund the unfunded” basically through this scheme financial institutions like Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs), Non-Banking financial Companies (NBFCs), Small Finance Banks, RBRs, Commercial Banks, Cooperative Banks etc. will provide loans at very low rate to the new Ideas or Startups and people having a business plan in a Non-Farming Sector with Income generating...

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Government Securities (G-secs)

- News: RBI has proposed to allow retail investors to open gilt accounts with the central bank to invest in G-secs directly.- G-sec is tradable instruement issued by the central or state gov.- Retail Investor is a non-professional investor who buys and sells securities like mutual funds and Exchange Traded Funds.✅Key features:- Retail investors will get online access to the government securities market – both...

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Difference between banks and NBFCs :

✅NBFCs business activities are akin to that of banks as they can lend & make investments✅NBFCs cannot accept demand deposits✅They cannot issue cheques as they do not form part of the payment & settlement system.✅Deposit insurance facility of Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation is not available to depositors of NBFCs, unlike in case of ba...

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"क्या होते हैं फास्ट ट्रैक कोर्ट्स और कैसे काम करते हैं?"

आज का सामान्य ज्ञान🎊भारत की अदालतों में लाखों केस पेंडिंग हैं. ऐसे में कई गंभीर मामलों की सुनवाई शुरू होने में ही सालों का वक्त लग जाता था. फास्ट-ट्रैक कोर्ट का मकसद है कम से कम समय में पीड़ित पक्ष को कानूनी मदद उपलब्ध कराना. और जल्द से जल्द इंसाफ दिलवाना।साल 2000 में 11वां फाइनेंस कमीशन बना. अलीगढ़ मुस्लिम यूनिवर्सिटी के पूर्व वीसी प्रोफेसर सैयद अली मोहम्मद खुसरो इसके चेयरमैन थे. कमीशन ने अदालतों में पेंडिंग मामलों को निपटाने के लिए 1734 फास्ट...

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ट्विंकल ट्विंकल लिटिल स्टार कविता के कवि का नाम क्या है।।

Twinkle, twinkle, little star !!दुनिया की सबसे लोकप्रिय पोयम में से एक है Twinkle Twinkle Little Star. दुनिया भर का शायद ही कोई बच्चा हो जिसे यह पोयम याद ना हो, लेकिन क्या आप बता सकते हैं कि इस कविता के कवि का नाम क्या है। यह एक मजेदार जानकारी है जो आपको अपने सर्कल में स्पेशल बनाती है। दुनिया में किसी भी कवि ने ट्विंकल ट्विंकल लिटिल स्टार कविता...

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मान लीजिए कि हमने जमीन के अंदर ,धरती के आर पार एक छेद कर दिया, तो अगर हम उस छेद में कोई वस्तु फेकेंगे तो क्या वो सीधे अंतरिक्ष में जाएगी?

आज का सामान्य ज्ञानजी नहीं। वो वस्तु , (अंतरिक्ष की जगह), निरंतर , पृथ्वी के एक छोर से दूसरी छोर और वापिस पृथ्वी के केंद्र से हो के आती जाती रहेगी, जिसे सरल आवृति गति (Simple Harmonic motion ) कहते हैं। यह दीवाल घड़ी के पेण्डुलम जैसा होता है। इसे भौतिकी (Physics ) में ग्रेविटी टनल प्रॉब्लम (Gravity Tunnel Problem ) या gravity train problem बोलते हैं।ऐसा इस कारण होता है , क्योंकि ज्यों ज्यों वस्तु पृथ्वी के केंद्र की ओर पहुँचती है त्यों त्यों पृथ्वी...

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क्या आपने कभी सोचा है? कहां जाती है हवा में फायर की गई बुलेट? ये रहा जवाब🔫

आज का सामान्य ज्ञान🎊हमारे देश में कई मौकों पर फायरिंग की जाती है. सुरक्षाबल देश के दुश्मनों को मारने के लिए फायरिंग करते हैं तो पुलिसकर्मी अपराधियों को धर-दबोचने के लिए फायरिंग करते हैं. इनके अलावा कुछ अराजक तत्व दहशत फैलाने के लिए हवा में फायरिंग कर देते हैं. इतना ही नहीं, हमारे देश में शादी-ब्याह के मौकों पर भी फायरिंग की जाती है, जिसे हर्ष फायरिंग कहा जाता है. ये तो हम सभी जानते हैं कि बंदूक से निकलने वाली गोली इंसान के शरीर में घुसने के बाद...

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