Facts:
1. Date: April 13, 1919.
2. Location: Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
3. Incident: British Brigadier General Reginald Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on a peaceful gathering of thousands of Indians.
4. Casualties: The exact number of casualties is disputed, but it is estimated that hundreds of unarmed civilians were killed, and over a thousand were injured.
5. Duration of Firing: The troops continued firing for about 10 minutes until they ran out of ammunition.
Importance:
1. Background: The massacre occurred during a period of unrest following the Rowlatt Act and the subsequent protests against it.
2. Motivation: Dyer claimed he wanted to create a 'moral lesson' and instill fear among the Indian population.
3. Public Outcry: The incident generated widespread condemnation, both in India and internationally, for its brutality against unarmed civilians.
4. Impact on Independence Movement: The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre fueled anti-British sentiments, contributing significantly to the independence movement.
Consequences:
1. Hunter Commission: The British government appointed the Hunter Commission to investigate the incident, which criticized Dyer's actions.
2. Non-Cooperation Movement: Mahatma Gandhi launched the Non-Cooperation Movement in response to the massacre, urging Indians to resist British rule through nonviolent means.
3. Shift in Public Opinion: The massacre led to a shift in public opinion against British rule and strengthened the demand for self-rule.
4. Historical Legacy: The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre remains a dark chapter in India's history, symbolizing the excesses of colonial rule.
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre is remembered as a poignant example of British brutality and a catalyst for increased resistance, ultimately shaping the course of India's struggle for independence.
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