๐EAT Earnings After Taxes. Accountants call this Net Income or Net Profit After Taxes, but
finance people usually refer to it as EAT (pronounced E. A. T).
๐ EPS Earnings Per Share. This is the amount of income that the common stockholders are
entitled to receive (per share of stock owned). This income may be paid out in the form of
dividends, retained and reinvested by the company, or a combination of both. (It is pronounced
E. P. S).
๐. Book value: The value of an asset, a liability or equity, as recorded in the accounts of
A firm. The book value of ordinary shares is equal to the paidup capital plus retained earnings
i.e. net worth.
๐ Par value: The stated or face (nominal) value of a security.
๐. Market value: It is determined on the basis of the stock market quotations of the company’s
securities.
๐Flotation costs: Costs incurred in issuing securities, e.g., underwriting and brokerage costs,
printing, legal, publicity and so on.
๐. Equity share capital: Long term funds provided by the owners of a firm and consist of
ordinary share capital and retained earnings.
๐ Retained Earnings: The portion of the aftertax profits that are not paid out to the
shareholders as dividends.
๐. Preference shares: Preference shares have a fixed percentage dividend before any dividend is
paid to the ordinary shareholders. As with ordinary shares a preference dividend can only be paid
if sufficient distributable profits are available, although with 'cumulative' preference shares the
right to an unpaid dividend is carried forward to later years. The arrears of dividend on
cumulative preference shares must be paid before any dividend is paid to the ordinary
shareholders.
๐ Definition of 'Dividend Policy': The policy a company uses to decide how much it will pay
out to shareholders in dividends.
๐ Dividend Relevance: Walter’s Models: Professor James E. Walter argues that the choice of
dividend policies almost always affect the value of the firm. His model, one of the earlier
theoretical works shows the importance of the relationship between the firm’s rate of return, r
and its cost of capital, k in determining the dividend policy that will maximize the wealth of
shareholders.
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