Accounting :
The systematic and comprehensive recording of financial transactions pertaining to a business.
Accounting also refers to the process of summarizing, analyzing and reporting these transactions.
The financial statements that summarize a large company's operations, financial position and
cash flows over a particular period are a concise summary of hundreds of thousands of financial
transactions it may have entered into over this period. Accounting is one of the key functions for
almost any business; it may be handled by a bookkeeper and accountant at small firms or by
sizable finance departments with dozens of employees at larger companies.
Objectives of Accounting :
Objective of accounting may differ from business to business depending upon their specific
requirements. However, the following are the general objectives of accounting.
i) To keeping systematic record: It is very difficult to remember all the business transactions that
take place. Accounting serves this purpose of record keeping by promptly recording all the
business transactions in the books of account.
ii) To ascertain the results of the operation: Accounting helps in ascertaining result i.e., profit
earned or loss suffered in business during a particular period. For this purpose, a business entity
prepares either a Trading and Profit and Loss account or an Income and Expenditure account
which shows the profit or loss of the business by matching the items of revenue and expenditure
of the some period.
iii) To ascertain the financial position of the business: In addition to profit, a businessman must
know his financial position i.e., availability of cash, position of assets and liabilities etc. This
helps the businessman to know his financial strength. Financial statements are barometers of
health of a business entity.
iv) To portray the liquidity position: Financial reporting should provide information about how
an enterprise obtains and spends cash, about its borrowing and repayment of borrowing, about its
capital transactions, cash dividends and other distributions of resources by the enterprise to
owners and about other factors that may affect an enterprise’s liquidity and solvency
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