-Alpha diversity, sometimes referred to as point diversity, is the species richness that occurs within a given area within a region that is smaller than the entire distribution of the species.
-Beta diversity is the rate at which species richness increases as one moves in a straight line across a region from one habitat to another habitat. In other words, it is the rate of change in species richness that occurs with a change in spatial scale.
-Gamma diversity is the species richness within an entire region. In other words, it is a measure of the overall diversity of the different ecosystems within a region.
-Genetic diversity: A single species might show high diversity at the genetic level over its distributional range. India has more than 50,000 genetically different strains of rice and 1,000 varieties of mango.
-Species diversity: The diversity at the species level, for example, the Western Ghats have a greater amphibian species diversity than the Eastern Ghats.The diversity index of zero represents infinite diversity, and ‘one’ represents only one species present.
-Ecological diversity: At the ecosystem level, India, for instance, with its deserts, rain forests, mangroves, coral reefs, wetlands, estuaries, and alpine meadows has a greater ecosystem diversity than a Scandinavian country like Norway.
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